Análisis Psicométrico de la Escala Orientación hacia la Dominancia Social (SDO) Mediante un Modelo de Ecuaciones Estructurales Exploratorias (ESEM) / Psychometric Analysis of the Social Dominance Orientation (SDO) Scale Through a Model of Exploratory Structural Equations (ESEM)

Resumen El objetivo de la presente investigación es analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala Orientación hacia la Dominancia Social (SDO), en una muestra no universitaria de la ciudad de Arica, Chile, implementando técnicas psicométricas de acuerdo con el estado del arte disciplinar. El muestreo fue no probabilístico, por conveniencia y disponibilidad de 812 participantes, entre edades de 18 a 89 años. Se realizaron estimaciones de fiabilidad, análisis factoriales confirmatorios y modelos de ecuaciones estructurales exploratorios, contrastando diferentes modelos. Los resultados proporcionaron evidencia de validez basada en la estructura interna de la prueba, presentando buen ajuste de la estructura de la SDO (RMSEA=.076; CFI=.963; TLI=.956), y adecuados niveles estimados de fiabilidad (Oposición a la Igualdad: α=.85, ω=.84; Dominancia Grupal: α =.67, ω =.66). Finalmente, se concluye que las puntuaciones de la escala SDO poseen evidencia suficiente para sustentar su uso e interpretación, en población no universitaria equivalente a la del presente estudio.

Abstract The objective of this research is to analyze the psychometric properties of the Social Dominance Orientation (SDO) Scale in a non-university sample of the city of Arica, Chile, implementing psychometric techniques according to the state of disciplinary art. The sampling was non-probabilistic due to the convenience and availability of 812 participants in a range of ages from 18 to 89 years. To contrast different models were performed reliability estimates, confirmatory factorial analyses, and exploratory structural equation models. The results provided evidence of validity based on the internal structure of the test, presenting good adjustment of the SDO structure (RMSEA=.076; CFI=.963; TLI=.956), and estimated adequate levels of reliability (Opposition to the Equality: α=.85, ω=.84, Group dominance: α =.67, ω =.66). Finally, the research concluded that the scores of the SDO scale have sufficient evidence to support its use and interpretation, in a non-university population equivalent to that of the present study.

The Relationship between Social Dominance Orientation and Child Sexual Abuse Credibility Assessment.

Allegations of child sexual abuse (CSA) across various contexts have often been denied or ignored by a multitude of people, including those who do not personally know the alleged perpetrators or victims. The lack of belief of children's CSA reports is problematic, as this may affect the child's adjustment, the consequences for the alleged perpetrator, and the likelihood of other victims reporting abuse that they experienced. One plausible explanation for low credibility is the variable of social dominance orientation. In the current study, a diverse sample (N = 60) read a hypothetical vignette of a CSA allegation, rated the credibility of the child, and completed the Social Dominance Orientation-7 scale (SDO-7). Results supported that high social dominance orientation predicts low credibility ratings of the child's CSA allegation. Findings may impact how clinicians and investigators approach the assessment of credibility of CSA allegations, how they appraise the opinions of others about such credibility, and jury selection in the court system.

Validación argentina de la Escala de Orientación a la Dominancia Social / Argentinian validation of the Social Dominance Orientation Scale

La teoría de la dominancia social expresa el deseo de los individuos por establecer y mantener jerarquías sociales a través de la subordinación de ciertos grupos a otros. Para evaluar las diferencias individuales en este constructo, los autores elaboraron la Escala de Orientación a la Dominancia Social, cuya formulación original presentaba una estructura factorial unidimensional. Sin embargo, trabajos posteriores han señalado la presencia de una estructura bifactorial para el estudio del constructo, compuesta por la oposición a la igualdad y la dominancia grupal. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo principal la adaptación y validación de la Escala de Orientación a la Dominancia Social, poniendo a prueba su dimensionalidad y analizando las diferencias según el género de los participantes. Para tal fin se trabajó con una muestra no probabilística, de tipo intencional, compuesta por estudiantes universitarios de Buenos Aires (N = 1.201), de diferente sexo y edad. Los resultados indicaron un mejor ajuste de los datos al modelo de 2 dimensiones correlacionadas, cuyos niveles de fiabilidad resultaron adecuados (,74 < α < ,85), presentando evidencia de validez convergente con el autoritarismo del ala de derechas y con el género de los participantes.

The Social Dominance Theory explains individuals' desire to establish and maintain social hierarchies by subordination of certain groups upon others. The Social Dominance Orientation Scale was constructed so as to evaluate individual differences in this construct. Originally, the first version of the scales had a unidimensional structure; however, subsequent research studies have reported the existence of a two-factor structure: Opposition to Equality and Dominance group. The main objective of this paper is that of adapting and validating the Social Dominance Orientation Scale, in order to analyze its dimensionality and thus verifydifferences in accordance with the gender of participants. To this end, we collected a non-probabilistic sample of college students from Buenos Aires (N = 1201), with different gender and age. According to the results, the two correlated factor model fit to databetter than the unidimensional approach did, and presents adequate levels of reliability (.74 < α < .85). Besides, we provide of convergent validity with right-wing authoritarianism and with the gender of participants.